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The "synoptic problem" is the question of the specific literary relationship among the three synoptic gospels—that is, the question as to the source or sources upon which each synoptic gospel depended when it was written. The texts of the three synoptic gospels often agree very closely in wording and order, both in quotations and in narration.
The two-source hypothesis (or 2SH) is an explanation for the synoptic problem, the pattern of similarities and differences between the three Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. It posits that the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke were based on the Gospel of Mark and a hypothetical sayings collection from the Christian oral tradition ...
The canonical Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John can be found in most Christian Bibles. Gospels (Greek: εὐαγγέλιον; Latin: evangelium) are written records detailing the life and teachings of Jesus. [1] The term originally referred to the Christian message itself, but it later came to refer to the books in which the message was ...
The three synoptic gospels contain the parables of Jesus. There are a growing number of scholars who also find parables in the Gospel of John , such as the little stories of the Good Shepherd (John 10:1–5) or the childbearing woman (John 16:21).
The Q source (also called The Sayings Gospel, Q Gospel, Q document(s), or Q; from German: Quelle, meaning "source") is an alleged written collection of primarily Jesus' sayings (λόγια, logia). Q is part of the common material found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke but not in the Gospel of Mark .
The common material believed to be the Common Sayings Source can be found in the “special” material of the Synoptic Gospels. 30% (11 out of 37 units) of what is common to the Gospel of Thomas and Q Gospel has parallels in Mark. 12% (16 out of 132 units) of the Gospel of Thomas has parallels in material special to Matthew.
The two-gospel hypothesis or Griesbach hypothesis is that the Gospel of Matthew was written before the Gospel of Luke, and that both were written earlier than the Gospel of Mark. [1] It is a proposed solution to the synoptic problem, which concerns the pattern of similarities and differences between the three Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke.
The Gospel of John is a relatively late theological document containing little accurate historical information that is not found in the three synoptic gospels, which is why most historical studies have been based on the earliest sources Mark and Q. [113] Nonetheless, since the third quest, John's gospel is seen as having more reliability than ...
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