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As a practical definition, covert action is something of which the target is aware, but either does not know, or cannot prove, who is influencing political, military, scientific, or economic factors in the target country. Plausible deniability is another way to say that the sponsor cannot be proven. Clandestine actions, in contrast, are actions ...
He finds that covert operations are frequently detected by other major powers. [7] A 2024 study found that state denials of covert actions, even when the covert actions were obvious, could have a de-escalatory effect (compared to making the covert action public). [8]
In espionage, operatives under non-official cover (NOC) are operatives without official ties to the government for which they work who assume covert roles in organizations. This is in contrast to an operative with official cover, where they assume a position in their government, such as the diplomatic service , which provides them with ...
As noted in the definition (which has been used by the United States and NATO since World War II) in a covert operation the identity of the sponsor is concealed, while in a clandestine operation the operation itself is concealed. Put differently, clandestine means "hidden", where the aim is for the operation to not be noticed at all.
Two intelligence historians told Reuters that when the White House grants the CIA covert action authority, through an order known as a presidential finding, it often remains in place across ...
DeVine, Michael E. (June 14, 2019). "Covert Action and Clandestine Activities of the Intelligence Community: Selected Definitions in Brief". Congressional Research Service. Thomas Patrick Carroll, Government 139 (Class Notes) Syllabus Section 1 — Human Intelligence: From Sleepers to Walk-ins (PDF), California State University Sacramento
Michael Froede, a member of a secret Army unit, exhibited behavior that seemed erratic to his supervisors and peers. But trained in the arts of deception, he hid the extent of his mental health ...
Espionage clandestine reporting, access agents, couriers, cutouts; Military attachés; Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Prisoners of war (POWs) or detainees; Refugees; Routine patrolling (military police, patrols, etc.) Traveler debriefing [broken anchor] (e.g. CIA Domestic Contact Service)