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In 1949 Portugal became a founding member of NATO. President Óscar Carmona died in 1951 after 25 years in office and was succeeded by Francisco Craveiro Lopes . However, Lopes was not willing to give Salazar the free hand that Carmona had given him, and was forced to resign just before the end of his term in 1958.
The NU became an ancillary body, not a source of political power. [18] At no stage did it appear that Salazar wished it to fulfill the central role the fascist party had acquired in Mussolini's Italy; in fact, it was meant to be a platform of conservatism, not a revolutionary vanguard. [19]
The National Syndicalist Movement (Portuguese: Movimento Nacional-Sindicalista) was a political movement that briefly flourished in Portugal in the 1930s. Stanley G. Payne defines them as a fascist movement in his typography. [3]
He was fortunate in that external economic trends and the infusion of funds from the European Community after Portugal became a member in 1986 enlivened the country's economy and began to bring an unaccustomed prosperity to Portuguese wage earners. Confident therefore that his party could win in parliamentary elections, Cavaco Silva maneuvered ...
Revolution in Portugal became a byword in Europe. The cost of living increased twenty-fivefold, while the currency fell to a 1 ⁄ 33 part of its gold value. Portugal's public finances entered a critical phase, having been under imminent threat of default since at least the 1890s. [28] [29] The gaps between the rich and the poor continued to ...
Portugal: Second Republic of Portugal: National Union: 1933: 1974 Greece Kingdom of Greece: 4th of August Regime: 1936: 1941 San Marino Most Serene Republic of San Marino: Sammarinese Fascist Party: 1923: 1943 Austria Federal State of Austria: Fatherland Front: 1934: 1938 Slovakia Slovak Republic: Slovak People's Party: 1939: 1945 Albania ...
The National Union in Portugal under António de Oliveira Salazar and Marcelo Caetano (1933–1974) Salazar always rejected the label of fascist criticizing the "exaltation of youth, the cult of force through direct action, the principle of the superiority of state political power in social life, [and] the propensity for organising masses ...
"The Memory of the Portuguese First Republic throughout the Twentieth Century," E-Journal of Portuguese History (Summer 2011) 9#1: 1–27. online; Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese revolution of 1910." Journal of Modern History (1972): 172–194. in JSTOR; Wheeler, Douglas L. Republican Portugal: a political history, 1910–1926 (U of ...