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Sulfate reduction coupled to ammonium oxidation, or sulfammox, is a novel multi-step microbial process especially pertinent to industrial wastewater treatment. Microbial species associated with sulfammox include but are not limited to Anammoxoglobus sulfate, Bacillus benzoevorans, Candidatus_ Anammoxoglobus, Bacillus cereus SUD-1.
As more aluminum sulfate is added, water pH decreases. At higher pH, the soluble species Al(OH) 4 − is present. In neutral pH ranges (6–8), the insoluble aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3) occurs. As pH decreases further, the Al(III) ion remains present. [2] Maintaining optimal pH is important for the removal of phosphorus from water.
To remove phosphorus compounds from the liquor, aluminium sulfate (alum) is often added during this period. It reacts to form non-soluble compounds, which settle into the sludge in the next stage. [3] The settling stage is usually the same length in time as the aeration. During this stage the sludge formed by the bacteria is allowed to settle ...
Before the water enters the clarifier, coagulation and flocculation reagents, such as polyelectrolytes and ferric sulfate, [4] can be added. These reagents cause finely suspended particles to clump together and form larger and denser particles, called flocs, that settle more quickly and stably.
Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a water treatment process that clarifies wastewaters (or other waters) by the removal of suspended matter such as oil or solids. The removal is achieved by dissolving air in the water or wastewater under pressure and then releasing the air at atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank basin. The released air forms ...
Some techniques require pre-treatment of wastewater to ensure reliable performance, which could be potentially costly and technically demanding. For instance, presence of bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 − ) can appreciably reduce the concentration of ·OH due to scavenging processes that yield H 2 O and a much less reactive species, ·CO 3 − . [ 4 ]
Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges. [5]
Secondary treatment (mostly biological wastewater treatment) is the removal of biodegradable organic matter (in solution or suspension) from sewage or similar kinds of wastewater. [ 1 ] : 11 The aim is to achieve a certain degree of effluent quality in a sewage treatment plant suitable for the intended disposal or reuse option.
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