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One method of eutrophication remediation is the application of aluminum sulfate, a salt commonly used in the coagulation process of drinking water treatment. Aluminum sulfate, or "alum" as it is commonly referred, has been found to be an effective lake management tool by reducing the phosphorus load. [2] Sediment core sampled from a Minnesota lake.
Chloride cycle anion ion-exchange dealkalizers remove alkalinity from water. Chloride cycle dealkalizers operate similar to sodium cycle cation water softeners . Like water softeners, dealkalizers contain ion-exchange resins that are regenerated with a concentrated salt ( brine ) solution - NaCl.
Sodium sulfate is a typical electrostatically bonded ionic sulfate. The existence of free sulfate ions in solution is indicated by the easy formation of insoluble sulfates when these solutions are treated with Ba 2+ or Pb 2+ salts: Na 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO 4. Sodium sulfate is unreactive toward most oxidizing or reducing agents.
[citation needed] Aluminium sulfate is used as a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles. It is a common vaccine adjuvant and works "by facilitating the slow release of antigen from the vaccine depot formed at the site of inoculation." [citation needed] Aluminium sulfate is used in water purification and for chemical phosphorus removal from ...
An alternative method for sulfate treatment is with solid ammonium sulfate salt or aqueous solutions thereof. These materials are introduced inside the container after forming and decompose into gases in the annealing lehr, where the resulting sulfur-containing gas mixture carries out the dealkalization reaction.
It is produced by mixing a water solution of copper sulfate and a suspension of slaked lime. A dilute solution of copper sulfate is used to treat aquarium fishes for parasitic infections, [25] and is also used to remove snails from aquariums and zebra mussels from water pipes. [26] Copper ions are highly toxic to fish.
Radium sulfate is the most insoluble sulfate known. The barium derivative is useful in the gravimetric analysis of sulfate: if one adds a solution of most barium salts, for instance barium chloride, to a solution containing sulfate ions, barium sulfate will precipitate out of solution as a whitish powder. This is a common laboratory test to ...
Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions.