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  2. Geometric terms of location - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_terms_of_location

    Tangential – intersecting a curve at a point and parallel to the curve at that point. Collinear – in the same line; Parallel – in the same direction. Transverse – intersecting at any angle, i.e. not parallel. Orthogonal (or perpendicular) – at a right angle (at the point of intersection).

  3. Tangential and normal components - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangential_and_normal...

    Illustration of tangential and normal components of a vector to a surface. In mathematics, given a vector at a point on a curve, that vector can be decomposed uniquely as a sum of two vectors, one tangent to the curve, called the tangential component of the vector, and another one perpendicular to the curve, called the normal component of the vector.

  4. Transversality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transversality_(mathematics)

    Transverse curves on the surface of a sphere Non-transverse curves on the surface of a sphere. Two submanifolds of a given finite-dimensional smooth manifold are said to intersect transversally if at every point of intersection, their separate tangent spaces at that point together generate the tangent space of the ambient manifold at that point. [1]

  5. Proper motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_motion

    Barnard's Star's transverse speed is 90 km/s and its radial velocity is 111 km/s (perpendicular (at a right, 90° angle), which gives a true or "space" motion of 142 km/s. True or absolute motion is more difficult to measure than the proper motion, because the true transverse velocity involves the product of the proper motion times the distance.

  6. Interface conditions for electromagnetic fields - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_conditions_for...

    This argument works for any tangential direction. The difference in electric field dotted into any tangential vector is zero, meaning only the components of parallel to the normal vector can change between mediums. Thus, the difference in electric field vector is parallel to the normal vector.

  7. Cylinder stress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_stress

    Therefore, by definition, there exist no shear stresses on the transverse, tangential, or radial planes. [ 1 ] In thick-walled cylinders, the maximum shear stress at any point is given by half of the algebraic difference between the maximum and minimum stresses, which is, therefore, equal to half the difference between the hoop and radial stresses.

  8. Astigmatism (optical systems) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astigmatism_(optical_systems)

    This plane is not a tangential plane so is a skew plane, in other words not a meridional plane. Rays propagating in this plane are called sagittal rays. In third-order astigmatism, the tangential rays (in the tangential plane) and sagittal rays (in the sagittal plane) form foci at different distances along

  9. Tangent lines to circles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_lines_to_circles

    A tangential polygon is a polygon each of whose sides is tangent to a particular circle, called its incircle. Every triangle is a tangential polygon, as is every regular polygon of any number of sides; in addition, for every number of polygon sides there are an infinite number of non-congruent tangential polygons.