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Line chart showing the population of the town of Pushkin, Saint Petersburg from 1800 to 2010, measured at various intervals. A line chart or line graph, also known as curve chart, [1] is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by straight line segments. [2]
In time series analysis, a fan chart is a chart that joins a simple line chart for observed past data, by showing ranges for possible values of future data together with a line showing a central estimate or most likely value for the future outcomes. As predictions become increasingly uncertain the further into the future one goes, these ...
The trend component does not have to be linear. [1], the cyclical component at time t, which reflects repeated but non-periodic fluctuations. The duration of these fluctuations depend on the nature of the time series., the seasonal component at time t, reflecting seasonality (seasonal variation). A seasonal pattern exists when a time series is ...
A fan chart is made of a group of dispersion fan diagrams, which may be positioned according to two categorising dimensions. A dispersion fan diagram is a circular diagram which reports the same information about a dispersion as a box plot : namely median , quartiles , and two extreme values.
While regression analysis is often employed in such a way as to test relationships between one or more different time series, this type of analysis is not usually called "time series analysis", which refers in particular to relationships between different points in time within a single series. Time series data have a natural temporal ordering.
Module:Chart creates bar and pie charts on Wikipedia without need for external tools; Many spreadsheet, drawing, and desktop publishing programs allow you to create graphs and export them as images. gnuplot can produce a wide variety of charts and graphs; see samples with source code at Commons. In Python using matplotlib
The graph on the left uses a linear scale, showing clearly an exponential trend. The graph on the right, however uses a logarithmic scale, which generates a straight line. If the graph viewer were not aware of this, the graph would appear to show a linear trend.
Comparison of linear, concave, and convex functions when plotted using a linear scale (left) or a log scale (right). In science and engineering , a log–log graph or log–log plot is a two-dimensional graph of numerical data that uses logarithmic scales on both the horizontal and vertical axes.