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Outside the normal range, certain single gene genetic disorders, such as phenylketonuria, can negatively affect intelligence. [ 6 ] Early twin studies of adult individuals have found a heritability of IQ between 57% and 73%, [ 7 ] with some recent studies showing heritability for IQ as high as 80%. [ 8 ]
IQ and educational attainment are strongly correlated (estimates range form .40 to over .60. [11]) There is controversy, however, as to whether education affects intelligence – it may be both a dependent and independent variable with regard to IQ. [4] A study by Ceci illustrates the numerous ways in which education can affect intelligence.
The genes that influence how smart we are are located on the X chromosomes. And if you recall, women have two X chromosomes. There's basically no way your smarts come from Dad.
Those with the "G" version showed no IQ advantage, suggesting a biochemical interaction of child's genes on the effect of breastfeeding. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Other studies have failed to replicate any correlation between the FADS2 gene, [ 11 ] breastfeeding and IQ, while others show a negative effect on IQ when combining bottled feeding, and the "G ...
Later observations of phenomena such as the Flynn effect and disparities in access to prenatal care highlighted ways in which environmental factors affect group IQ differences. In recent decades, as understanding of human genetics has advanced, claims of inherent differences in intelligence between races have been broadly rejected by scientists ...
A genetic correlation is to be contrasted with environmental correlation between the environments affecting two traits (e.g. if poor nutrition in a household caused both lower IQ and height); a genetic correlation between two traits can contribute to the observed correlation between two traits, but genetic correlations can also be opposite ...
Arthur Jensen "How Much Can We Boost IQ and Achievement?" is a 1969 article by Arthur Jensen published in the Harvard Educational Review. [1] Controversy over the article led to the coining of the term Jensenism, [2] defined as the theory that IQ is largely determined by genes, including racial heritage. [3]
Evidence shows that education and intelligence have a complex interaction, and this is demonstrated in a longitudinal study by Richards and Sacker. [9] They collected data from the British 1946 birth cohort and investigated how childhood intelligence was predictive of other outcomes later in life including educational attainment and mental ability at 53 years old (using the National Adult ...