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About 311 million years ago, in the Late Carboniferous, the order Spongillida split from the marine sponges, and is the only sponges to live in freshwater environments. [8] Some species are brightly colored, with great variety in body shape; the largest species are over 1 m (3.3 ft) across. [6] They reproduce both sexually and asexually.
The giant barrel sponge is common on reefs throughout the Caribbean Sea, the Bahamas, Bermuda, the reefs and hard-bottom areas of Florida,and the Gulf of Mexico.In terms of benthic surface coverage, it is the second most abundant sponge on reefs in the Caribbean region. [8]
Asconoid sponges seldom exceed 1 mm (0.039 in) in diameter. [18] Diagram of a syconoid sponge. Some sponges overcome this limitation by adopting the "syconoid" structure, in which the body wall is pleated. The inner pockets of the pleats are lined with choanocytes, which connect to the outer pockets of the pleats by ostia.
Biologists can study life at multiple levels of organization, [1] from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and the evolution of populations. [1] [6] Hence, there are multiple subdisciplines within biology, each defined by the nature of their research questions and the tools that they use.
Bioerosion describes the breakdown of hard ocean substrates – and less often terrestrial substrates – by living organisms. Marine bioerosion can be caused by mollusks, polychaete worms, phoronids, sponges, crustaceans, echinoids, and fish; it can occur on coastlines, on coral reefs, and on ships; its mechanisms include biotic boring, drilling, rasping, and scraping.
Pages in category "Sponge anatomy" The following 19 pages are in this category, out of 19 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A. Archaeocyte; C. Choanocyte;
This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic ...
Amadou used to dry an artificial fishing fly. Amadou is a spongy material derived from Fomes fomentarius and similar fungi that grow on the bark of coniferous and angiosperm trees, and have the appearance of a horse's hoof (thus the name "hoof fungus"). It is also known as the "tinder fungus" and is useful for starting slow-burning fires.