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The validity of a measurement tool (for example, a test in education) is the degree to which the tool measures what it claims to measure. [3] Validity is based on the strength of a collection of different types of evidence (e.g. face validity, construct validity, etc.) described in greater detail below.
[1] [2] Criterion validity is often divided into concurrent and predictive validity based on the timing of measurement for the "predictor" and outcome. [2]: page 282 Concurrent validity refers to a comparison between the measure in question and an outcome assessed at the same time.
Using the example of general happiness, a researcher could create an inventory where there is a very high positive correlation between general happiness and contentment, but if there is also a significant positive correlation between happiness and depression, then the measure's construct validity is called into question.
Test validity is the extent to which a test (such as a chemical, physical, or scholastic test) accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.In the fields of psychological testing and educational testing, "validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entailed by proposed uses of tests". [1]
Statistical conclusion validity is the degree to which conclusions about the relationship among variables based on the data are correct or "reasonable". This began as being solely about whether the statistical conclusion about the relationship of the variables was correct, but now there is a movement towards moving to "reasonable" conclusions that use: quantitative, statistical, and ...
The multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix is an approach to examining construct validity developed by Campbell and Fiske (1959). [1] It organizes convergent and discriminant validity evidence for comparison of how a measure relates to other measures. The conceptual approach has influenced experimental design and measurement theory in psychology ...
In psychometrics, predictive validity is the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure. [1] [2]For example, the validity of a cognitive test for job performance is the correlation between test scores and, for example, supervisor performance ratings.
Face validity is the extent to which a test is subjectively viewed as covering the concept it purports to measure. It refers to the transparency or relevance of a test as it appears to test participants. [1] [2] In other words, a test can be said to have face validity if it "looks like" it is going to measure what it is supposed to measure. [3]