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2. Proxy (climate) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_(climate)

   Reconstructions of global temperature of the past 2000 years, using composite of different proxy methods. In the study of past climates ("paleoclimatology"), climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct meteorological measurements [1] and enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions over a longer fraction of the Earth's history.

3. Temperature record of the last 2,000 years - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_record_of_the...

   The "Composite Plus Scaling" (CPS) method is widely used for large-scale multiproxy reconstructions of hemispheric or global average temperatures; this is complemented by Climate Field Reconstruction (CFR) methods which show how climate patterns have developed over large spatial areas, making the reconstruction useful for investigating natural ...

4. Paleoclimatology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatology

   As instrumental records only span a tiny part of Earth's history, the reconstruction of ancient climate is important to understand natural variation and the evolution of the current climate. Paleoclimatology uses a variety of proxy methods from Earth and life sciences to obtain data previously preserved within rocks , sediments , boreholes ...

5. Soon and Baliunas controversy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soon_and_Baliunas_controversy

   The Soon and Baliunas controversy involved the publication in 2003 of a review study titled Proxy climatic and environmental changes of the past 1000 years, written by aerospace engineer Willie Soon and astronomer Sallie Baliunas and published in the journal Climate Research. [1]

6. List of large-scale temperature reconstructions of the last ...

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_large-scale...

   Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998 "Climate change record in subsurface temperatures: A global perspective". Mann, Bradley & Hughes 1999 "Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations". Briffa 2000 "Annual climate variability in the Holocene: interpreting the message of ancient trees".

7. Hockey stick graph (global temperature) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_stick_graph_(global...

   Publicity over the concerns of scientists about the implications of global warming led to increasing public and political interest, and the Reagan administration, concerned in part about the political impact of scientific findings, successfully lobbied for the 1988 formation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to produce reports subject to detailed approval by government delegates ...

8. More than ever, Cuba — and by proxy, Miami — need a change ...

   www.aol.com/more-ever-cuba-proxy-miami-135651199...

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9. Global surface temperature - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_surface_temperature

   Measurement of the GST is one of the many lines of evidence supporting the scientific consensus on climate change, which is that humans are causing warming of Earth's climate system. The global average and combined land and ocean surface temperature , show a warming of 1.09 °C (range: 0.95 to 1.20 °C) from 1850–1900 to 2011–2020, based on ...