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2. Bile acid malabsorption - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid_malabsorption

   Primary bile acid diarrhea (Type 2 bile acid "malabsorption") may be caused by an overproduction of bile acids. [ 5 ] [ 9 ] Several groups of workers have failed to show any defect in ileal bile acid absorption in these patients, and they have an enlarged bile acid pool, rather than the reduced pool expected with malabsorption. [ 10 ]

3. Pepsin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsin

   This and other research [30] implicates pepsin in carcinogenesis attributed to gastric reflux. Pepsin in airway specimens is considered to be a sensitive and specific marker for laryngopharyngeal reflux. [31] [32] Research to develop new pepsin-targeted therapeutic and diagnostic tools for gastric reflux is ongoing. A rapid non-invasive pepsin ...

4. Hydrogen potassium ATPase - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_potassium_ATPase

   The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H + /K + ATPase is the proton pump of the stomach.It exchanges potassium from the intestinal lumen with cytoplasmic hydronium [2] and is the enzyme primarily responsible for the acidification of the stomach contents and the activation of the digestive enzyme pepsin [3] (see gastric acid).

5. Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/.../Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease

   Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications.

6. Achlorhydria - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achlorhydria

   A lack of hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach is one of the most common age-related causes of a harmed digestive system. [6] Among men and women, 27% experience a varying degree of achlorhydria. US researchers found that over 30% of women and men over the age of 60 have little to no acid secretion in the stomach.

7. Gastric acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acid

   Gastric acid or stomach acid is the acidic component – hydrochloric acid of gastric juice, produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands of the stomach lining. In humans, the pH is between one and three, much lower than most other animals, but is very similar to that of carrion eating carnivores , needing protection from ingesting pathogens .