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Pathological demand avoidance (PDA) or extreme demand avoidance (EDA) is a proposed disorder, and proposed sub-type of autism spectrum disorder, defined by characteristics such as a demand avoidance—which is a greater-than-typical refusal to comply with requests or expectations—and extreme efforts to avoid social demands.
The article needs to say, preferably in the lead, what PDA is. The first paragraph of the article says it is a "pattern of difficulties". This is not a description, it is maybe an attempt at an etiology. The second paragraph says what it is not. The third paragraph starts "these children". WTF? No children have been mentioned.
Early intervention in nonspeaking autism emphasizes the critical role of language acquisition before the age of five in predicting positive developmental outcomes; acquiring language before age five is a good indicator of positive child development, that early language development is crucial to educational achievement, employment, independence during adulthood, and social relationships. [2]
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a medical condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth: this allows a portion of oxygenated blood from the left heart to flow back to the lungs from the aorta, which has a higher blood pressure, to the pulmonary artery, which has a lower blood pressure.
Dr. Taussig had recognized that children with Tetralogy of Fallot who also had a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) typically lived longer, so the trio tried to create the same effect as a PDA by joining the subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery, relieving the child's cyanosis. [40]
Video explanation. Author: Tanner Marshall, MS Editor: Rishi Desai, MD, MPH, Tanner Marshall, MS “Patent” (not “patent” like an invention) refers to some opening, and a patent ductus arteriosus, which I’m going to call PDA, for short, refers to a blood vessel—the ductus arteriosus—which connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta during fetal development.
Robert E. Gross, a surgeon at Children's and later a professor of child surgery at Harvard Medical School, [39] performed the world's first successful surgical procedure to correct a congenital heart defect with the "ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus" [39] in 1938, ushering in the era of modern pediatric cardiac surgery.
Older children will often squat instinctively during a tet spell. [17] This increases systemic vascular resistance and allows for a temporary reversal of the shunt . It increases pressure on the left side of the heart, decreasing the right to left shunt, thus decreasing the amount of deoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation.