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The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC or MTBC) is a genetically related group of Mycobacterium species that can cause tuberculosis in humans or other animals. It includes: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium africanum; Mycobacterium orygis [1] Mycobacterium bovis and the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin strain; Mycobacterium microti ...
The nature of the host-pathogen interaction between humans and M. tuberculosis is considered to have a genetic component. A group of rare disorders called Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD) was observed in a subset of individuals with a genetic defect that results in increased susceptibility to Mycobacterial infection.
As of June 2006, 82 TB protein structures have been determined, 15 since January 1, 2006. The database of linked structural and functional information that has been constructed using this information can form a lasting basis for understanding M. tuberculosis pathogenesis and for structure-based drug design. [citation needed]
M. tuberculosis is able to reproduce inside the macrophage and will eventually kill the immune cell. The primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the Ghon focus, is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. [13] Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood ...
Symptoms of M. tuberculosis include coughing that lasts for more than three weeks, hemoptysis, chest pain when breathing or coughing, weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, and loss of appetite. M. tuberculosis also has the potential of spreading to other parts of the body. This can cause blood in urine if the kidneys are affected ...
Antigenic variation can result from gene conversion, [1] site-specific DNA inversions, [2] hypermutation, [3] or recombination of sequence cassettes. [4] The result is that even a clonal population of pathogens expresses a heterogeneous phenotype . [ 5 ]
Because MDR tuberculosis is an airborne pathogen, persons with active, pulmonary tuberculosis caused by a multidrug-resistant strain can transmit the disease if they are alive and coughing. [41] TB strains are often less fit and less transmissible, and outbreaks occur more readily in people with weakened immune systems (e.g., patients with HIV ).
A mutation in codon 450 of M. tuberculosis leads to a minor loss of fitness, while the corresponding mutation in S. aureus results in bacteria barely able to survive. [ 8 ] In Neisseria meningitidis rpoB mutations have been observed to increase expression of enzymes which are involved in metabolizing carbohydrates, as well as enzymes involved ...