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The square root of a positive integer is the product of the roots of its prime factors, because the square root of a product is the product of the square roots of the factors. Since p 2 k = p k , {\textstyle {\sqrt {p^{2k}}}=p^{k},} only roots of those primes having an odd power in the factorization are necessary.
Spaces within a formula must be directly managed (for example by including explicit hair or thin spaces). Variable names must be italicized explicitly, and superscripts and subscripts must use an explicit tag or template. Except for short formulas, the source of a formula typically has more markup overhead and can be difficult to read.
A function f is even if and only if f(−x) = f(x) for all x; write A function f is even if f(−x) = f(x) for all x. If it is reasonable to do so, rephrase the sentence to avoid the use of the word "if" entirely. For example, An even function is a function f such that f(−x) = f(x) for all x
A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...
Roots are a special type of exponentiation using a fractional exponent. For example, the square root of a number is the same as raising the number to the power of 1 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}} and the cube root of a number is the same as raising the number to the power of 1 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{3}}} .
The radical symbol refers to the principal value of the square root function called the principal square root, which is the positive one. The two square roots of a negative number are both imaginary numbers , and the square root symbol refers to the principal square root, the one with a positive imaginary part.
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A square root of a number x is a number r which, when squared, becomes x: =. Every positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the two square roots of 25 are 5 and −5. The positive square root is also known as the principal square root, and is denoted with a radical sign: