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The sapphire deposits of Kashmir are well known in the gem industry, although their peak production took place in a relatively short period at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. [5]: 463–482 These deposits are located in the Paddar Valley of the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir in India. [36]
In the early 1980s, Intergem Limited, which controlled most of the Yogo sapphire mining at the time, rocked the gem world by marketing Yogo sapphires as the world's only guaranteed "untreated" sapphire, exposing a practice of the time wherein 95 percent of all the world's sapphires were heat-treated to enhance their natural color.
Ruspoli Sapphire: 136.9 carats (27.38 g) [11] Stuart Sapphire: Sri Lanka 104 carats (20.8 g) Blue Tower of London [12] Bismarck Sapphire: Myanmar: 98.56 carats (19.712 g) Table Blue National Museum of Natural History, Washington [13] James J. Hill Sapphire: 22.66 carats (4.532 g) Cornflower National Museum of Natural History, Washington [14]
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The mineralogy of the gem deposits varies widely with, among others, corundum (sapphire, ruby), chrysoberyl, beryl, spinel, topaz, zircon, tourmaline, garnet being common. [2] Residual deposits are mainly found in flood plains of rivers and streams. The metamorphic types of gems constitute 90% of the gem deposits in Sri Lanka.
The deposit remains open along strike and to depth. The resource is National Instrument 43–101 compliant and is the first coloured gemstone resource ever to be published under these laws. True North Gems has initiated a socio-economic impact assessment in anticipation of a commercial ruby mining operation.
Serendipity Sapphire is the world's largest star sapphire cluster, and it weighs 510 kilograms (2,600,000 carats). [1] It was found in Kahawatte, in the Ratnapura District , Sri Lanka, in July 2021. Its worth is estimated to be up to US$100 million.
Queen of Asia is the world's largest natural corundum blue sapphire. [1] It weighs 310 kilograms (1,600,000 carats). [2] It was found in Rajawaka in the Balangoda district, and it was revealed in December 2021. Estimated value is USD 150 million (2024) [3]