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Hemangioma on a child's arm. Hemangioma covering half of the face, including the lips and the tongue. Hemangiomas are benign (noncancerous) vascular tumors, and many different types occur. The correct terminology for these hemangioma types is constantly being updated by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA). [3]
An infantile hemangioma (IH), sometimes called a strawberry mark due to appearance, is a type of benign vascular tumor or anomaly that affects babies. [1] [2] Other names include capillary hemangioma, [6] "strawberry hemangioma", [7]: 593 strawberry birthmark [8] and strawberry nevus. [6] and formerly known as a cavernous hemangioma.
The majority of diagnoses of CCM are in adults; however, 25% of cases of CCM are children. [6] Approximately 5% of adults have liver hemangiomas in the United States, but most are asymptomatic. [30] Liver hemangiomas usually occur between the ages of 30 and 50 and more commonly in women. [4] Cases of infantile liver cavernomas are extremely rare.
Infantile hemangioma is the most common vascular tumor. It is a benign tumor, which occurs in 4-5% of Caucasian infants, but rarely in dark skinned infants. [6] It occurs in 20% of low weight premature infants and 2.2 to 4.5 times more frequently in females. [7]
PHACE syndrome may affect infants with large plaque-type facial hemangiomas. [3] Children who present this skin condition should receive careful ophthalmologic, cardiac, and neurologic assessment. According to one study of infants with large hemangiomas, one-third have symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of PHACE syndrome.
Like juvenile hemangiomas, infantile hemangiopericytomas only appear in the subcutis and affect newborns throughout their first year of life. They are characterized by being multilobulated and frequently having separate perivascular and intravascular satellite nodules outside of the main tumor mass. [ 2 ]
A tufted angioma, also known as an acquired tufted angioma, angioblastoma, angioblastoma of Nakagawa, hypertrophic hemangioma, progressive capillary hemangioma, and tufted hemangioma [1] [2] usually develops in infancy or early childhood on the neck and upper trunk, and is an ill-defined, dull red macule with a mottled appearance, varying from 2 to 5 cm in diameter.
Kasabach–Merritt syndrome (KMS), also known as hemangioma with thrombocytopenia, [1] is a rare disease, usually of infants, in which a vascular tumor leads to decreased platelet counts and sometimes other bleeding problems, [2] which can be life-threatening. [3] It is also known as hemangioma thrombocytopenia syndrome.