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The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was promoted to a grand duchy and Louis X thereafter styled himself Grand Duke Louis I (German: Großherzog Ludewig I., with an extra 'e') and announced not only the promotion, but also the territories he had received under the Treaty of the Confederation of the Rhine in an edict on 13 August 1806. [8]
Darmstadt was formerly the capital of a sovereign state, the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor, the People's State of Hesse, a federal state of Germany. As the capital of an increasingly prosperous duchy , the city gained some international prominence and remains one of the wealthiest cities in Europe.
The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was €207.7 billion in 2018, accounting for 6.2% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €47,800 or 159% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 127% of the EU average. This makes it one of the wealthiest regions in Germany and Europe. [3]
Like many petty German states, the landgraviate comprised a number of disconnected pockets of land (exclaves). These included the southern Starkenburg territory with the Darmstadt residence and the northern province of Upper Hesse with Alsfeld, Giessen, Grünberg, the northwestern hinterland estates around Gladenbach, Biedenkopf and Battenberg as well as the exclave of Vöhl in Lower Hesse.
Hesse-Rheinfels (whose line became extinct in 1583, and was then incorporated into Hesse-Kassel) to Philip II; the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (known as the Grand Duchy of Hesse from 1806 and the People's State of Hesse from 1918) to George I; The Hessian territories were not re-united until the formation of Greater Hesse (though without ...
The Grand Duchy of Hesse (1806–1816), known as the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine from 1816 to 1918, was a former state in Hesse, Germany. The Grand Duchy was formed in 1806 after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. Napoleon then elevated the former Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt to the level of grand duchy.
The Electorate of Hesse (Hesse-Kassel) was annexed by Prussia in 1866, while the Grand Duchy of Hesse (Hesse-Darmstadt) remained a sovereign realm until the end of the German monarchies in 1918. Since 23 May 2013, the head of the house has been Donatus, Landgrave of Hesse. He descends from the Hesse-Kassel branch of the family, which has been ...
All of the member states had already belonged to the German Confederation of 1815–66. Austria and the south German states Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden and the Grand Duchy of Hesse (Hesse-Darmstadt) remained outside of the North German Confederation. Though, the northern province Oberhessen of the Grand Duchy of Hesse did join.