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Graves' ophthalmopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit and periorbital tissues, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, lid lag, swelling, redness (), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos). [1]
The provider may prescribe an eye patch to relieve the double vision. The patch can be removed after the nerve heals. Surgery or special glasses (prisms) may be advised if there is no recovery in 6 to 12 months. If diplopia turns out to be intractable, it can be managed as last resort by obscuring part of the patient's field of view.
Double vision can be corrected with prism glasses and surgery (the latter only when the process has been stable for a while). Difficulty closing eyes can be treated with lubricant gel at night, or with tape on the eyes to enable full, deep sleep. Orbital decompression can be performed to enable bulging eyes to retreat back into the head.
This can cause the brain to see two images or double vision. Coloboma involves missing eye tissue. Most commonly, strabismus occurs in infants and young children, but adults can also develop ...
According to Chang, other possible causes of hyperthyroidism include: thyroiditis (thyroid inflammation), thyroid nodules (which produce more thyroid hormone), and consuming an excess amount of ...
It results in the following signs, which can be extremely distressing to the patient: [4] Most frequent are symptoms due to conjunctival or corneal irritation: burning, photophobia, tearing, pain, and a gritty or sandy sensation. [4] Protruding eyeballs (known as proptosis and exophthalmos). Diplopia (double vision) is common. [4]
The most common type of hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, may additionally cause eye problems (Graves' ophthalmopathy) and skin changes of the legs (pretibial myxedema). [6] Thyroid disease may also cause muscle weakness in the form of thyrotoxic myopathy, but this is constant rather than episodic. [5]
The symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually demanding, near-centered tasks. They may include, but are not limited to, diplopia (double vision), asthenopia (eye strain), transient blurred vision, difficulty sustaining near-visual function, abnormal fatigue, headache, and abnormal postural adaptation, among others.
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