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This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction
Language Original purpose Imperative Object-oriented Functional Procedural Generic Reflective Other paradigms Standardized; 1C:Enterprise programming language: Application, RAD, business, general, web, mobile
Class-based object-oriented programming languages support objects defined by their class. Class definitions include member data. Message passing is a key concept, if not the main concept, in object-oriented languages. Polymorphic functions parameterized by the class of some of their arguments are typically called methods.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, [1] which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods).
Declarative programming – describes what computation should perform, without specifying detailed state changes c.f. imperative programming (functional and logic programming are major subgroups of declarative programming) Distributed programming – have support for multiple autonomous computers that communicate via computer networks
Functional programming languages tend to rely on tail call optimization and higher-order functions instead of imperative looping constructs. Many functional languages, however, are in fact impurely functional and offer imperative/procedural constructs that allow the programmer to write programs in procedural style, or in a combination of both ...
The listed languages are designed with varying degrees of OOP support. Some are highly focused in OOP while others support multiple paradigms including OOP. [ 1 ] For example, C++ is a multi- paradigm language including OOP; [ 2 ] however, it is less object-oriented than other languages such as Python [ 3 ] and Ruby .
Comparison of ALGOL 68 and C++; ALGOL 68: Comparisons with other languages; Compatibility of C and C++; Comparison of Pascal and Borland Delphi; Comparison of Object Pascal and C; Comparison of Pascal and C; Comparison of Java and C++; Comparison of C# and Java; Comparison of C# and Visual Basic .NET; Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic ...