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[5] [7] Typhoid is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. [8] Risk factors include limited access to clean drinking water and poor sanitation. [2] Those who have not yet been exposed to it and ingest contaminated drinking water or food are most at risk for developing symptoms. [7]
The authors of the new study conducted whole-genome sequencing on 3,489 typhoid strains taken from blood samples collected between 2014 and 2019 from people in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and ...
During the American Civil War, 81,360 Union soldiers died of typhoid or dysentery, far more than died of battle wounds. [25] In the late 19th century, the typhoid fever mortality rate in Chicago averaged 65 per 100,000 people a year. The worst year was 1891, when the typhoid death rate was 174 per 100,000 people. [26]
Death can result in 2–3 hours from dehydration if no treatment is provided. [11] Before the discovery of an infectious cause, the symptoms of cholera were thought to be caused by an excess of bile in the patient; [12] the disease cholera gets its name from the Greek word χολή, meaning bile.
Paratyphoid and typhoid fever are types of enteric fever. [7] Paratyphoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica of the serotypes Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, or Paratyphi C growing in the intestines and blood. [1] They are usually spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. [1]
What one nurse learned about humanity amidst the Ebola epidemic
Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. [1] [2] [3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in ...
Antibiotics can cause severe reactions and add significantly to the cost of care. [21] In the United States, antibiotics and anti-infectives are the leading cause of adverse effect from drugs. In a study of 32 States in 2011, antibiotics and anti-infectives accounted for nearly 24 percent of ADEs that were present on admission, and 28 percent ...