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In 1825, Bouchet and Cazauvieilh described palpable firmness and atrophy of the uncus and medial temporal lobe of brains from epileptic and non-epileptic individuals. [4]: 565 In 1880, Wilhelm Sommer investigated 90 brains and described the classical Ammon's horn sclerosis pattern, severe neuronal cell loss in hippocampal subfield cornum Ammonis 1 (CA1) and some neuronal cell loss in ...
Café au lait spot characteristic of NF1 Diagnostic criteria of neurofibromatosis type I, requiring at least 2 of the mentioned items. [6]The following is a list of conditions and complications associated with NF-1, and, where available, age range of onset and progressive development, occurrence percentage of NF-1 population, method of earliest diagnosis, and treatments and related medical ...
Lateral temporal lobe seizures arising from the temporal-parietal lobe junction may cause complex visual hallucinations. [2] In comparison to mesial temporal lobe seizures, lateral temporal lobe seizures are briefer duration seizures, occur with earlier loss of awareness, and are more likely become a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure. [2]
Nearly all reports of seizure outcome following these procedures indicate that the best outcome group includes patients with MRI evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis (hippocampal atrophy with increased T-2 signal). The range of seizure-free outcomes for these patients is reported to be between 80% and 90%, which is typically reported as a sub ...
Hippocampal sclerosis specific to the mesial temporal lobe, is the most common type of such tissue damage. [ 136 ] [ 137 ] It is not yet clear, however, whether the epilepsy is usually caused by hippocampal abnormalities or whether the hippocampus is damaged by cumulative effects of seizures. [ 138 ]
Structural MRI scans often reveal frontal lobe and/or anterior temporal lobe atrophy, but in early cases the scan may seem normal. Atrophy can be either bilateral or asymmetric. [ 13 ] Registration of images at different points of time (e.g., one year apart) can show evidence of atrophy that otherwise at individual time points may be reported ...
A common associated brain abnormality is mesial temporal sclerosis. [15] Mesial temporal sclerosis is a specific pattern of hippocampal neuronal loss accompanied by hippocampal gliosis and atrophy. [18] Complex partial seizures occur when excessive and synchronous electrical brain activity causes the impaired awareness and responsiveness. [19]
The presence of frontal and temporal subcortical cysts is the main factor when diagnosing a patient with this disease. [11] In the late stages of the disease, patients have been noted to develop impaired coordination, overresponsive reflexes, and even seizures. MRI testing is used to study and diagnose patients with this disease.