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It defines "white people" as "people having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa". [6] The Federal Bureau of Investigation uses the same definition. [7] The definition actually does vary and is also published as "a light skinned race", which avoids inclusion of any sort of nationality or ethnicity. [8]
Whiteness studies is the study of the structures that produce white privilege, [1] the examination of what whiteness is when analyzed as a race, a culture, and a source of systemic racism, [2] and the exploration of other social phenomena generated by the societal compositions, perceptions and group behaviors of white people. [3]
White privilege pedagogy has been influential in multicultural education, teacher training, ethnic and gender studies, sociology, psychology, political science, American studies, and social work education. [68] [69] [70] Several scholars have raised questions about the focus on white privilege in efforts to combat racism in educational settings.
Whiteness theory is a field within whiteness studies concerned with what white identity means in terms of social, political, racial, economic, culture, etc. [1] Whiteness theory posits that if some Western societies make whiteness central to their respective national and cultural identities, their white populations may become blind to the privilege associated with White identity.
So-called "white racism" focuses on societies in which white populations are the majority or the dominant social group. In studies of these majority white societies, the aggregate of material and cultural advantages is usually termed "white privilege". Race and race relations are prominent areas of study in sociology and economics. Much of the ...
In 1986, Nigerian sociologist John Ogbu co-authored with Signithia Fordham a study that concluded that high-performing African-American students in a Washington, D.C. high school borrowed from hegemonic white culture as part of a strategy for achievement, while struggling to maintain a black identity, and the "acting white theory" was born.
White backlash, also known as white rage [1] [2] or whitelash, is related to the politics of white grievance, and is the negative response of some white people to the racial progress of other ethnic groups in rights and economic opportunities, as well as their growing cultural parity, political self-determination, or dominance.
In critical race theory, the black–white binary is a paradigm through which racial history is presented as a linear story between White and Black Americans. [1] This binary has largely defined how civil rights legislation is approached in the United States, as African Americans led most of the major racial justice movements that informed civil rights era reformation. [2]