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Humans are the main indoor source of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in most buildings. Indoor CO 2 levels are an indicator of the adequacy of outdoor air ventilation relative to indoor occupant density and metabolic activity. Indoor CO 2 levels above 500 ppm can lead to higher blood pressure and heart rate, and increased peripheral blood circulation. [85]
As the sensor reads the increasing amount of carbon dioxide levels in a space, the ventilation increases to dilute the levels. When the space is unoccupied, the sensor reads normal levels, and continues to supply the unoccupied airflow rate. This rate is determined by the building owner standards, along with the designer and ASHRAE Standard 62. ...
A01 Air Quality topic, the WELL conducts to limit level of particulate matter both PM2.5 and PM10 under 15 and 50 for normal region or 25 and 50 microgram/cubic metre or 30% of 24–48 hours average of outdoor levels for polluted region and thresholds for volatile organic compound (VOC) such as benzene, formaldehyde, toluene to 10, 50, and 300 ...
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy is an American National Standard published by ASHRAE that establishes the ranges of indoor environmental conditions to achieve acceptable thermal comfort for occupants of buildings. It was first published in 1966, and since 2004 has been updated every three to six years.
Ventilation guidelines are based on the minimum ventilation rate required to maintain acceptable levels of effluents. Carbon dioxide is used as a reference point, as it is the gas of highest emission at a relatively constant value of 0.005 L/s. The mass balance equation is: Q = G/(C i − C a) Q = ventilation rate (L/s) G = CO 2 generation rate
Another set of standards, for indoor air in employment settings, is administered by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. [7] A distinction may be made between mandatory and aspirational air quality standards. For example, U.S. state governments must work toward achieving NAAQS, but are not forced to meet them.
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The National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) govern how much ground-level ozone (O 3), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM 10, PM 2.5), lead (Pb), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) are allowed in the outdoor air. [6] The NAAQS set the acceptable levels of certain air pollutants in the ambient air in the United ...