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The Saka tribes remained mainly in the far-east, eventually spreading as far east as the Ordos Desert. [1] Ancient Iranian peoples spoke languages that were the ancestors of modern Iranian languages, these languages form a sub-branch of the Indo-Iranian sub-family, which is a branch of the family of the wider Indo-European languages. [1]
Turkic peoples constitute a substantial minority of about 15–24%, the largest group being the Azerbaijani. They are the second largest ethnicity in Iran, as well as the largest minority group. [3] Other Turkic groups include the Turkmen, Qashqai and Kazakhs peoples. Arabs account for about 2–3% of the Iranian population.
While the Iranian tribes of the south are better known through their texts and modern counterparts, the tribes which remained largely in the vast Eurasian expanse are known through the references made to them by the ancient Greeks, Persians, Chinese, and Indo-Aryans as well as by archaeological finds.
The Persians (/ ˈpɜːrʒənz / PUR-zhənz or / ˈpɜːrʃənz / PUR-shənz) are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. [4] They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language [6][7][8] as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian. [9]
By the first century AD, the Iranian tribes in what is today South Russia spoke different languages or dialects, clearly distinguishable. [59] According to a group of Iranologists writing in 1968, the numerous Iranian personal names in Greek inscriptions from the Black Sea coast indicate that the Sarmatians spoke a North-Eastern Iranian dialect ...
The ethnonym Alān is a dialectal variant of the Old Iranian *Aryāna, itself derived from the root arya-, meaning 'Aryan', the common self-designation of Indo-Iranian peoples. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] [ 1 ] It probably came in use in the early history of the Alans for the purpose of uniting a heterogeneous group of tribes through the invocation of a ...
The Saka tribe of the Massagetae/ Tigraxaudā rose to power in the 8th to 7th centuries BC, when they migrated from the east into Central Asia, [53] from where they expelled the Scythians, another nomadic Iranian tribe to whom they were closely related, after which they came to occupy large areas of the region beginning in the 6th century BC. [42]
The early ancestors of modern-day Pashtuns may have belonged to old Iranian tribes that spread throughout the eastern Iranian plateau. [ 129 ] [ 130 ] [ 26 ] historians have also come across references to various ancient peoples called Pakthas ( Pactyans ) between the 2nd and the 1st millennium BC, [ 131 ] [ 132 ]