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A dry-powder inhaler (DPI) is a device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder. DPIs are commonly used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and COPD although DPIs (such as inhalable insulin) have also been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. [1]
Diabetes medication. Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin, most GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, exenatide, and others), and pramlintide, all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic ...
Dextromethorphan (DXM), sold under the trade name Robitussin among others, is a cough suppressant used in many cough and cold medicines. [6] It affects serotonin , norepinephrine , NMDA , and sigma-1 receptors in the brain, all of which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression.
Clofedanol. Clofedanol (INN) or chlophedianol (BAN), sold under the brand name Ninjacof among others, is a centrally acting cough suppressant used in the treatment of dry cough. Clofedanol has local anesthetic, antispasmodic, and antihistamine properties, [1] and may have anticholinergic effects at high doses. [2]
Bromhexine is intended to support the body's mechanisms for clearing mucus from the respiratory tract. It is secretolytic, increasing the production of serous mucus in the respiratory tract, which makes the phlegm thinner and less viscous. This contributes to a secretomotoric effect, allowing the cilia to more easily transport the phlegm out of ...
Benzonatate, sold under the brand name Tessalon among others, is a medication that is used for the symptomatic relief of cough. [ 7 ][ 8 ] A 2023 systematic review found that there is inadequate evidence to support the effectiveness and safety of benzonatate for cough and highlighted rising safety concerns. [ 9 ]
Cloperastine. Cloperastine (INN) or cloperastin, in the forms of cloperastine hydrochloride (JAN) (brand names Hustazol, Nitossil, Seki) and cloperastine fendizoate, is an antitussive and antihistamine that is marketed as a cough suppressant in Japan, Hong Kong, and in some European countries. [1][2][3] It was first introduced in 1972 in Japan ...
Oxolamine is a cough suppressant [1] that is available as a generic drug in many jurisdictions. [2] Oxolamine also has anti-inflammatory activity, which causes a reduction in irritation of the nerve receptors of the respiratory tract. [3] It is mainly used for the treatment of pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis and pertussis. [3]
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