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Patent Drawing of a Subsea BOP Stack (with legend) A blowout preventer (BOP) (pronounced B-O-P) [1] is a specialized valve or similar mechanical device, used to seal, control and monitor oil and gas wells to prevent blowouts, the uncontrolled release of crude oil or natural gas from a well. They are usually installed in stacks of other valves.
The Cameron ram-type blowout preventer was the first successful blowout preventer (BOP) for oil wells. It was developed by James S. Abercrombie and Harry S. Cameron in 1922. [1][2] The device was issued U.S. patent 1,569,247 on January 12, 1926. [3] The blowout preventer was designated as a Mechanical Engineering Landmark in 2003. [1][2][4]
Another popular method of stripping tubulars in/out of a wellbore is with the use of an "Annular" Blow Out Preventer (BOP). An Annular BOP consists of a natural or synthetic rubber element with encased metal reinforcement sections. A hydraulic piston pushes the annular element up into a concaved cap which forces the element diameter to decrease ...
English: Schematic illustration of a subsea blowout preventer stack installed on the seabed with kill and choke lines shown. Legend: red represents the blowout preventer stack; grey represents the oil flow passage; white tubing represents the kill (left) and choke (right) lines; brown represents the top of the subsea well casing
English: Schematic illustration of a subsea blowout preventer stack installed on the seabed with kill and choke lines connected for a top kill operation plus a riser insertion tube placed inside the end of a broken riser on the left. Legend: red represents the blowout preventer stack; grey represents the oil flow passage
January 7, 1975. (1975-01-07) (aged 83) Houston, Texas. Known for. Cameron ram-type blowout preventer. James Abercrombie (born James Smither Abercrombie; 7 July 1891 – 7 January 1975) was an American inventor who is best known for designing the world's first reliable blowout preventer (BOP) to contain disastrous well blowouts. [1]
Blowout preventers (BOPs) (#23 and #24) are devices installed at the wellhead to prevent fluids and gases from unintentionally escaping from the wellbore. #23 is the annular (often referred to as Hydril named after a manufacturer), and #24 is the pipe rams and blind rams.
Blowout Preventers often contain a stack of independently-operated cutoff mechanisms, so there is redundancy in case of failure, and the ability to work in all normal circumstances with the drill pipe in or out of the well bore. The BOP used in the Deepwater Horizon, for example, had five "rams" and two "annular" blowout preventers. [15]