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  2. Argument from analogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_analogy

    Argument from analogy is a special type of inductive argument, where perceived similarities are used as a basis to infer some further similarity that has not been observed yet. Analogical reasoning is one of the most common methods by which human beings try to understand the world and make decisions. [ 1 ]

  3. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    False analogy – an argument by analogy in which the analogy is poorly suited. [54] Hasty generalization (fallacy of insufficient statistics, fallacy of insufficient sample, fallacy of the lonely fact, hasty induction, secundum quid, converse accident, jumping to conclusions) – basing a broad conclusion on a small or unrepresentative sample ...

  4. Analogical models - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogical_models

    A simple type of analogy is one that is based on shared properties; [1] [2] and analogizing is the process of representing information about a particular subject (the analogue or source system) by another particular subject (the target system), [3] in order "to illustrate some particular aspect (or clarify selected attributes) of the primary domain".

  5. Argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument

    In formal logic, the validity of an argument depends not on the actual truth or falsity of its premises and conclusion, but on whether the argument has a valid logical form. [citation needed] The validity of an argument is not a guarantee of the truth of its conclusion. A valid argument may have false premises that render it inconclusive: the ...

  6. Analogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogy

    Analogy is a comparison or correspondence between two things (or two groups of things) because of a third element that they are considered to share. [1]In logic, it is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction.

  7. Similarity (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Similarity_(philosophy)

    Arguments from analogy involve inferences from information about a known object (the source) to the features of an unknown object (the target) based on similarity between the two objects. [32] Arguments from analogy have the following form: a is similar to b and a has feature F, therefore b probably also has feature F.

  8. Semantics of logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics_of_logic

    In logic, the semantics of logic or formal semantics is the study of the semantics, or interpretations, of formal languages and (idealizations of) ...

  9. Liar paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liar_paradox

    If the liar is indeed lying, then the liar is telling the truth, which means the liar just lied. In "this sentence is a lie", the paradox is strengthened in order to make it amenable to more rigorous logical analysis. It is still generally called the "liar paradox" although abstraction is made precisely from the liar making the statement.