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For example, a table of 128 rows with a Boolean column requires 128 bytes a row-oriented format (one byte per Boolean) but 128 bits (16 bytes) in a column-oriented format (via a bitmap). Another example is the use of run-length encoding to encode a column.
Comma-separated values (CSV) is a text file format that uses commas to separate values, and newlines to separate records. A CSV file stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text, where each line of the file typically represents one data record.
Data Format Description Language (DFDL, often pronounced daff-o-dil) is a modeling language for describing general text and binary data in a standard way. It was published as an Open Grid Forum Recommendation [ 1 ] in February 2021, and in April 2024 was published as an ISO standard.
Ongoing maintenance of date formats may one day be carried out by bots on articles already tagged with templates ({{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}}) which help to identify the correct format. Potentially ambiguous dates, using slashes or full stops (6/7/1961, 12/07/1986, 6.7.1961, 12.07.1986) are re-appearing on some thousands of pages ...
3-way comparison Merge Structured comparison [b] Manual compare alignment Image compare Beyond Compare: Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (Files and Folders) Yes (Pro only) Yes Yes Compare++: Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (C/C++,C#,Java,Javascript,CSS3) diff: No Yes partly No No No diff3: No No Yes (non-optional) Eclipse (compare) Yes No (only ancestor) Yes No Ediff ...
In fixed format code, line indentation is significant. Columns 1–6 and columns from 73 onwards are ignored. If a * or / is in column 7, then that line is a comment. Until COBOL 2002, if a D or d was in column 7, it would define a "debugging line" which would be ignored unless the compiler was instructed to compile it. Cobra
In computing, the utility diff is a data comparison tool that computes and displays the differences between the contents of files. Unlike edit distance notions used for other purposes, diff is line-oriented rather than character-oriented, but it is like Levenshtein distance in that it tries to determine the smallest set of deletions and insertions to create one file from the other.
A pivot table usually consists of row, column and data (or fact) fields. In this case, the column is ship date, the row is region and the data we would like to see is (sum of) units. These fields allow several kinds of aggregations, including: sum, average, standard deviation, count, etc.