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Cutaneous leiomyoma, also known as leiomyoma cutis, [1] or cutaneous leiomyomata, [2] is a benign skin tumor made of smooth muscle cells. [3] There are three different types of cutaneous leiomyomas, genital leiomyomas, angioleiomyomas, and piloleiomyomas. Cutaneous leiomyomas can occur sporadically or as a part of a genetic condition.
These cancers present earlier than is usual for renal cell carcinomas (typically in the twenties and thirties) and tend to be at relatively advanced stages at presentation. Tumours have rarely been reported in children. These tumours occur in ~20% of those with this mutation suggesting that other factors are involved in the pathogenesis.
Leiomyoma enucleated from a uterus. External surface on left; cut surface on right. Micrograph of a small, well-circumscribed colonic leiomyoma arising from the muscularis mucosae and showing fascicles of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated, cigar-shaped nuclei Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin in uterine leiomyoma, which is negative as there is only staining of cytoplasm ...
Ultrasound and imaging procedures are used to diagnose genital leiomyomas, while surgically removing the tumor is the most common treatment of these diseases. Case studies for nipple areolar, scrotal, and uterine leiomyoma were used, since there were not enough secondary resources to provide more evidence.
Angioleiomyoma (vascular leiomyoma, angiomyoma) of the skin is thought to arise from vascular smooth muscle, and is generally acquired. [3] Angioleiomyomas appear as small (<2 cm), firm, movable, slow growing subcutaneous nodules. Pain is a common symptom. They are most commonly seen on the extremities. The cause of angioleiomyoma is unknown.
No or mild atypia, no tumor cell necrosis ⇒ leiomyoma. If 5 or more mitotic figures are present in 10 high powered fields but the behavior still appears benign, may append “with significant mitotic activity”. Moderate to severe atypia without tumor cell necrosis atypical leiomyoma if < 10 mitotic figures per high power field or
Yet, due to some rare but severe hepatic injuries after UPA treatment, the licence was suspended in 2020 in the EU [54] and voluntary removed in Canada. [55] Danazol is an effective treatment to shrink fibroids and control symptoms. Its use is limited by unpleasant side effects. Mechanism of action is thought to be antiestrogenic effects.
Treatment [28] I [28] Favorable histology in children younger than 24 months or tumor weight less than 550g: 85%: 98%: Surgery only (should be done only within the context of a clinical trial) Favorable histology in children older than 24 months or tumor weight more than 550g: 94% RFS: 98%: Nephrectomy + lymph node sampling followed by regimen ...