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  2. Punishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment

    The definition requires that punishment is only determined after the fact by the reduction in behavior; if the offending behavior of the subject does not decrease, it is not considered punishment. There is some conflation of punishment and aversives , though an aversion that does not decrease behavior is not considered punishment in psychology.

  3. Civil penalty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_penalty

    The civil fine is not considered to be a criminal punishment, because it is primarily sought in order to compensate the state for harm done to it, rather than to punish the wrongful conduct. As such, a civil penalty, in itself, will not carry a punishment of imprisonment or other legal penalties. [1] [better source needed]

  4. Fine (penalty) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_(penalty)

    A fine or mulct (the latter synonym typically used in civil law) is a penalty of money that a court of law [1] or other authority decides has to be paid as punishment for a crime or other offense.

  5. Sentence (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(law)

    Potential punishment Retribution: Punishment imposed for no reason other than an offense being committed, on the basis that if proportionate, punishment is morally acceptable as a response that satisfies the aggrieved party, their intimates and society. Tariff sentences; Sentence must be proportionate to the crime; Deterrence of the individual

  6. Capital punishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment

    Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, [1] [2] is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. [3] The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence , and the act of carrying out the sentence is known ...

  7. Sanctions (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_(law)

    Sanctions, in law and legal definition, are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law or other rules and regulations. [1] Criminal sanctions can take the form of serious punishment, such as corporal or capital punishment, incarceration, or severe fines.

  8. Mandatory sentencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_sentencing

    As of 2011, of the people convicted of an offense carrying a mandatory minimum punishment and who remained subject to that penalty at sentencing, 38.5 percent were Black, 31.8 percent were Hispanic, and 27.5 percent were White. [24] In Canada, life imprisonment is mandatory for murder if committed, at the time of the offence, as an adult ...

  9. Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the...

    The "excessiveness" of a punishment can be measured by two different aspects, which are independent of each other. The first aspect is whether the punishment involves the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain. The second aspect is that the punishment must not be grossly out of proportion to the severity of the crime. [36] [37] In Miller v.