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The main difference here is that vitamin D2 is found in plant-based products such as mushrooms, fortified foods, and supplements, whereas vitamin D3 is found in animal-based foods such as butter ...
Foods such as the flesh of fatty fish are good natural sources of vitamin D; there are few other foods where it naturally appears in significant amounts. [2] In the U.S. and other countries, cow's milk and plant-based milk substitutes are fortified with vitamin D 3, as are many breakfast cereals.
One DFE is defined as 1 μg of dietary folate. 1 μg of folic acid supplement counts as 1.7 μg DFE. The reason for the difference is that when folic acid is added to food or taken as a dietary supplement with food it is at least 85% absorbed, whereas only about 50% of folate naturally present in food is absorbed. [1]
On the other hand, the nutrient added as a fortificant may have a higher bioavailability than from foods, which is the case with folic acid used to increase folate intakes. [ 23 ] Phytochemicals such as phytic acid in cereal grains can also impact nutrient absorption, limiting the bioavailability of intrinsic and additional nutrients, and ...
One example is tannins from foods such as tea [40] and phytic acid. [41] Because iron from plant sources is less easily absorbed than the heme-bound iron of animal sources, vegetarians and vegans should have a somewhat higher total daily iron intake than those who eat meat, fish or poultry. [42] [43]
Ferritin genes are highly conserved between species. All vertebrate ferritin genes have three introns and four exons. [8] In human ferritin, introns are present between amino acid residues 14 and 15, 34 and 35, and 82 and 83; in addition, there are one to two hundred untranslated bases at either end of the combined exons. [9]
Folic acid, a vitamer of vitamin B 9 commonly added to fortified foods and dietary supplements, is 0.7–1.0 times more bioavailable than vitamers of vitamin B 9 found in minimally processed foods. [3] Differences in digestion and absorption account for the notable differences in bioavailability between vitamers of vitamin B 9. Forms of vitamin ...
Cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D 3 or colecalciferol, is a type of vitamin D that is produced by the skin when exposed to UVB light; it is found in certain foods and can be taken as a dietary supplement. [3] Cholecalciferol is synthesised in the skin following sunlight exposure. [4]
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