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The diagnosis is based on symptoms. [2] Treatment may include behavioral measures or medications. [3] Behavioral measures include keeping the head still and focusing on the horizon. [6] [7] Three types of medications are useful: antimuscarinics such as scopolamine, H 1 antihistamines such as dimenhydrinate, and amphetamines such as ...
Airsickness is a specific form of motion sickness which is induced by air travel [1] and is considered a normal response in healthy individuals. Airsickness occurs when the central nervous system receives conflicting messages from the body (including the inner ear, eyes and muscles) affecting balance and equilibrium.
This is the most frequent type of altitude sickness encountered. Symptoms often manifest within ten hours of ascent and generally subside within two days, though they occasionally develop into the more serious conditions. Symptoms include headache, confusion, fatigue, stomach illness, dizziness, and sleep disturbance. [9]
Signs: at least two of: Crackles or wheezing (while breathing) in at least one lung field; Central blue skin color; Tachypnea (rapid breathing) Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) Acute mountain sickness and high altitude cerebral edema may also be present in conjunction with HAPE, however these symptoms may be subtle or not present at all.
The risk of deterioration at higher altitudes must be considered against the risk of deterioration if not transported. Some divers with symptoms or signs of mild decompression sickness may be evacuated by pressurised commercial airliner for further treatment after a surface interval of at least 24 hours.
Modafinil has been studied as a possible treatment for the sopite syndrome that does not appear to have the same side effects of normal stimulants. Modafinil appears to be effective when taken in combination with anticholinergics such as scopolamine, but studies of Modafinil-only treatments for motion sickness remain inconclusive. [10]
The signs and symptoms of these may present during a dive, on surfacing, or up to several hours after a dive. The principal conditions are decompression illness (which covers decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism ), nitrogen narcosis , high pressure nervous syndrome , oxygen toxicity , and pulmonary barotrauma (burst lung).
Most often, frostbite occurs in the hands and feet. [7] [8] The initial symptoms are typically a feeling of cold and tingling or numbing. [1] This may be followed by clumsiness with a white or bluish color to the skin. [1] Swelling or blistering may occur following treatment. [1] Complications may include hypothermia or compartment syndrome. [2 ...