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Vitamin D (the inactive version) is mainly from two forms: vitamin D 3 and vitamin D 2. Vitamin D 3, or cholecalciferol, is formed in the skin after exposure to sunlight or ultra violet radiation or from D 3 supplements or fortified food sources. Vitamin D 2, or ergocalciferol, is obtained from D 2 supplements or fortified food sources. [3]
Vitamin D compounds, specifically cholecalciferol (D3) and ergocalciferol (D2) are used in rodenticides due to their ability to induce hypercalcemia, a condition characterized by elevated calcium levels in the blood. This overdose leads to organ failure and is pharmacologically similar to vitamin D's toxic effects in humans.
Vitamin D 3 supplementation has been tentatively found to lead to a reduced risk of death in the elderly, [79] [76] but the effect has not been deemed pronounced, or certain enough, to make taking supplements recommendable. [10] Other forms (vitamin D 2, alfacalcidol, and calcitriol) do not appear to have any beneficial effects concerning the ...
The natural, active form of vitamin D is calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol). This molecule and other naturally occurring forms of vitamin D, including its precursors and metabolites, have been modified to synthesize pharmaceuticals with potentially greater, or selective, therapeutic actions. [1] [2] [3] [4]
The US Food and Nutrition Board set a tolerable upper intake level (UL) at 1,000 mg (1,500 IU) per day derived from animal models that demonstrated bleeding at high doses. [30] In the US, the popularity for vitamin E as a dietary supplement peaked around 2000, with popular doses of 400, 800 and 1000 IU/day.
References range may vary with age, sex, race, pregnancy, [10] diet, use of prescribed or herbal drugs and stress. Reference ranges often depend on the analytical method used, for reasons such as inaccuracy , lack of standardisation , lack of certified reference material and differing antibody reactivity . [ 11 ]
People who take vitamin D supplements before being admitted for intensive care are less likely to die than those who do not take vitamin D supplements. [49] Additionally, vitamin D levels decline during stays in intensive care. [50] Vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) or calcitriol given orally may reduce the mortality rate without significant ...
Multivitamins nutrition facts label showing that the international unit of, for example, vitamins D and E correspond to different gram values. In pharmacology, the international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar forms of substances.
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