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Vitamin D compounds, specifically cholecalciferol (D3) and ergocalciferol (D2), are used in rodenticides due to their ability to induce hypercalcemia, a condition characterized by elevated calcium levels in the blood. This overdose leads to organ failure and is pharmacologically similar to vitamin D's toxic effects in humans.
Vitamin D 2, or ergocalciferol, is obtained from D 2 supplements or fortified food sources. [3] These two forms of vitamin D are metabolized in the liver and stored as 25-hydroxyvitamin D. [ 4 ] Before biological use, the storage form must be converted into an active form.
People who take vitamin D supplements before being admitted for intensive care are less likely to die than those who do not take vitamin D supplements. [49] Additionally, vitamin D levels decline during stays in intensive care. [50] Vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) or calcitriol given orally may reduce the mortality rate without significant ...
Vitamin D 3 supplementation has been tentatively found to lead to a reduced risk of death in the elderly, [79] [76] but the effect has not been deemed pronounced, or certain enough, to make taking supplements recommendable. [10] Other forms (vitamin D 2, alfacalcidol, and calcitriol) do not appear to have any beneficial effects concerning the ...
Vitamin D deficiency: Usually asymptomatic, causes reduce bone density (osteomalacia), rickets, myopathy, and is associated with the development of schizophrenia. It is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in plasma, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body ...
Multivitamins nutrition facts label showing that the international unit of, for example, vitamins D and E correspond to different gram values. In pharmacology, the international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar forms of substances.
Ergocalciferol may be used as a vitamin D supplement, whereas cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3) is produced naturally by the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light. [15] Ergocalciferol (D 2 ) and cholecalciferol (D 3 ) are considered to be equivalent for vitamin D production, as both forms appear to have similar efficacy in ameliorating rickets ...
The Institute of Medicine in 2010 recommended a maximum uptake of vitamin D of 4000 IU/d, finding that the dose for lowest observed adverse effect level is 40,000 IU daily for at least 12 weeks, [25] and that there was a single case of toxicity above 10 000 IU after more than seven years of daily intake; this case of toxicity occurred in ...