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β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid [note 1] (HMB), otherwise known as its conjugate base, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, is a naturally produced substance in humans that is used as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in certain medical foods that are intended to promote wound healing and provide nutritional support for people with muscle wasting due to cancer or HIV/AIDS.
In this treatment, a healthy individual donates their stool to be transplanted into an individual with dysbiosis. A less-invasive treatment option is the administration of butyrate—as oral supplements or enemas—which has been shown to be very effective in terminating symptoms of inflammation with minimal-to-no side-effects.
Sodium phenylbutyrate is taken orally or by nasogastric intubation as a tablet or powder, and tastes very salty and bitter. It treats urea cycle disorders, genetic diseases in which nitrogen waste builds up in the blood plasma as ammonia glutamine (a state called hyperammonemia) due to deficiences in the enzymes carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, ornithine transcarbamylase, or argininosuccinic ...
Sodium butyrate is a compound with formula Na(C 3 H 7 COO). It is the sodium salt of butyric acid. It has various effects on cultured mammalian cells including inhibition of proliferation, induction of differentiation and induction or repression of gene expression. [1] As such, it can be used in lab to bring about any of these effects.
Heptyl butyrate is an ester that is naturally occurring in fresh apples, plums, and babaco fruits. [1] It is the condensation product of heptyl alcohol and butyric acid . It is available commercially for use as bait in traps yellowjackets and wasps and is specific for these types of pests rather than honeybees and other beneficial insects. [ 2 ]
β-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as 3-hydroxybutyric acid or BHB, is an organic compound and a beta hydroxy acid with the chemical formula CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CO 2 H; its conjugate base is β-hydroxybutyrate, also known as 3-hydroxybutyrate. β-Hydroxybutyric acid is a chiral compound with two enantiomers: D-β-hydroxybutyric acid and L-β-hydroxybutyric acid.
Most supplements rely on β-hydroxybutyrate as the source of exogenous ketone bodies. It is the most common exogenous ketone body because of its efficient energy conversion and ease of synthesis. [1] In the body, BHB can be converted to acetoacetic acid.
Butyrate: Butanoate C 4 H 8 O 2: CH 3 (CH 2) 2 COOH: 88.11 C4:0 Isobutyric acid: 2-Methylpropanoic acid Isobutyrate: 2-Methylpropanoate C 4 H 8 O 2 (CH 3) 2 CHCOOH: 88.11 C5:0 Valeric acid: Pentanoic acid Valerate: Pentanoate C 5 H 10 O 2: CH 3 (CH 2) 3 COOH: 102.13 C5:0 Isovaleric acid: 3-Methylbutanoic acid Isovalerate: 3-Methylbutanoate C 5 ...