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  2. Redox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox

    Redox (/ ˈ r ɛ d ɒ k s / RED-oks, / ˈ r iː d ɒ k s / REE-doks, reduction–oxidation [2] or oxidation–reduction [3]: 150 ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. [4] Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a ...

  3. Reducing agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_agent

    Examples of substances that are common reducing agents include hydrogen, carbon monoxide, the alkali metals, formic acid, [1] oxalic acid, [2] and sulfite compounds. In their pre-reaction states, reducers have extra electrons (that is, they are by themselves reduced) and oxidizers lack electrons (that is, they are by themselves oxidized).

  4. Reduction potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_potential

    In aqueous solutions, redox potential is a measure of the tendency of the solution to either gain or lose electrons in a reaction. A solution with a higher (more positive) reduction potential than some other molecule will have a tendency to gain electrons from this molecule (i.e. to be reduced by oxidizing this other molecule) and a solution with a lower (more negative) reduction potential ...

  5. Standard electrode potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_electrode_potential

    The larger the value of the standard reduction potential, the easier it is for the element to be reduced (gain electrons); in other words, they are better oxidizing agents. For example, F 2 has a standard reduction potential of +2.87 V and Li + has −3.05 V: F 2 (g) + 2 e − ⇌ 2 F − = +2.87 V Li + + e − ⇌ Li (s) = −3.05 V

  6. Galvanic cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_cell

    The cathode is the electrode where reduction (gain of electrons) takes place (metal B electrode); in a galvanic cell, it is the positive electrode, as ions get reduced by taking up electrons from the electrode and plate out (while in electrolysis, the cathode is the negative terminal and attracts positive ions from the solution).

  7. Reductive elimination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductive_elimination

    For mononuclear reductive elimination, the oxidation state of the metal decreases by two, while the d-electron count of the metal increases by two. This pathway is common for d 8 metals Ni(II), Pd(II), and Au(III) and d 6 metals Pt(IV), Pd(IV), Ir(III), and Rh(III). Additionally, mononuclear reductive elimination requires that the groups being ...

  8. Oxidation state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state

    One arsenic is reduced from +3 to 0, a three-electron step, hence 3 goes in front of the two tin partners. An alternative three-line procedure is to write separately the half-reactions for oxidation and reduction, each balanced with electrons, and then to sum them up such that the electrons cross out. In general, these redox balances (the one ...

  9. Organic redox reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_redox_reaction

    Organic redox reactions: the Birch reduction. Organic reductions or organic oxidations or organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds.In organic chemistry oxidations and reductions are different from ordinary redox reactions, because many reactions carry the name but do not actually involve electron transfer. [1]