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  2. Proline organocatalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline_organocatalysis

    Proline organocatalysis is the use of proline as an organocatalyst in organic chemistry. This theme is often considered the starting point for the area of organocatalysis, even though early discoveries went unappreciated. [1] Modifications, such as MacMillan’s catalyst and Jorgensen's catalysts, proceed with excellent stereocontrol. [2]: 5574 [3]

  3. Hyperprolinemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperprolinemia

    Hyperprolinemia type II results in proline levels in the blood between 10 and 15 times higher than normal, and high levels of a related compound called pyrroline-5-carboxylate. This rare form of the disorder may appear benign at times, [ 2 ] but often involves seizures, convulsions, and intellectual disability.

  4. Procollagen-proline dioxygenase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procollagen-proline_di...

    Procollagen-proline dioxygenase, commonly known as prolyl hydroxylase, is a member of the class of enzymes known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases. These enzymes catalyze the incorporation of oxygen into organic substrates through a mechanism that requires alpha-Ketoglutaric acid , Fe 2+ , and ascorbate .

  5. Proline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline

    Furthermore, proline is rarely found in α and β structures as it would reduce the stability of such structures, because its side chain α-nitrogen can only form one nitrogen bond. Additionally, proline is the only amino acid that does not form a red-purple colour when developed by spraying with ninhydrin for uses in chromatography. Proline ...

  6. Proline-catalyzed aldol reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline-catalyzed_aldol...

    The Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert and Barbas-List [1] reactions in organic chemistry are a family of proline-catalysed asymmetric aldol reactions.. In the 1970s, two research groups discovered (and published) almost simultaneously their discoveries of two related intramolecular reactions: Zoltan Hajos and David Parrish at Hoffmann-La Roche [2] [3] and Rudolf Wiechert et al at ...

  7. Organocatalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organocatalysis

    These catalysts and reactions have a long history but current interest in organocatalysis is focused on asymmetric catalysis with chiral catalysts, called asymmetric organocatalysis or enantioselective organocatalysis. A pioneering reaction developed in the 1970s is called the Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert reaction. Between 1968 and ...

  8. 4-oxoproline reductase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-oxoproline_reductase

    In enzymology, a 4-oxoproline reductase (EC 1.1.1.104) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. 4-oxo-L-proline + NADH + H + cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline + NAD +. Thus, the three substrates of this enzyme are 4-oxo-L-proline, NADH, and H +, whereas its two products are cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline and NAD +.

  9. Diabetic ketoacidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_ketoacidosis

    4–25% of people with type 1 diabetes per year [1] [5] Diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA ) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus . [ 1 ] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting , abdominal pain , deep gasping breathing , increased urination , weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness . [ 1 ]