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The water balance is also referred to as a water budget. Developing water budgets is a fundamental activity in the science of hydrology. According to the US Geological Survey: [4] An understanding of water budgets and underlying hydrologic processes provides a foundation for effective water-resource and environmental planning and management.
Charles Warren Thornthwaite (March 7, 1899 – June 11, 1963) was an American geographer and climatologist.He is best known for devising the Thornthwaite climate classification, a climate classification system modified in 1948 that is still in use worldwide, and also for his detailed water budget computations of potential evapotranspiration.
An accurate nutrient budget is an important tool to provide an early indication of potential problems arising from (i) a nutrient surplus (inputs>outputs), leading to an accumulation of nutrients and increased risk of loss or (ii) a deficit (outputs>inputs), depleting nutrient reserves and increasing the risk of deficiencies and reduced crop yields.
The energy required per unit mass of water vaporized. (J g −1) L v = Volumetric latent heat of vaporization. The energy required per unit volume of water vaporized. (L v = 2453 MJ m −3) E = Mass water evapotranspiration rate (g s −1 m −2) ET = Water volume evapotranspired (mm s −1) Δ = Rate of change of saturation specific humidity ...
An annual heat budget, also shown as θ a, is the total amount of heat needed to raise the water from its minimum winter temperature to its maximum summer temperature. This can be calculated by integrating the area of the lake at each depth interval (A z ) multiplied by the difference between the summer (θ sz ) and winter (θ wz ) temperatures ...
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The WEAP (Water Evaluation And Planning) software platform models runoff and percolation from climate and land use data, using a choice of linear and non-linear reservoir models. The RS MINERVE software platform simulates the formation of free surface run-off flow and its propagation in rivers or channels.