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Echocardiography to evaluate heart function. Echocardiography is the preferred choice for diagnosis of heart failure in patients. [1] [2] As well as evaluation of lung function via: Pulmonary function testing (PFT) complete with bronchoprovocation testing. PFTs represent the preferred method for evaluating for bronchial asthma. [4]
428.0 Congestive heart failure unspecified; 428.1 Left heart failure. Pulmonary edema, acute; 428.2 Systolic heart failure; 428.3 Diastolic heart failure; 428.4 Heart failure, combined, unspec. 429 Ill-defined descriptions and complications of heart disease. 429.0 Myocarditis unspecified; 429.1 Myocardial degeneration; 429.2 Cardiovascular ...
In acute severe asthma, breathlessness may be so severe that it is impossible to speak more than a few words (inability to complete sentences). [5] [6] On examination, the respiratory rate may be elevated (more than 25 breaths per minute), and the heart rate may be rapid (110 beats per minute or faster). Reduced oxygen saturation levels (but ...
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a hallmark of asthma but also occurs frequently in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [2] In the Lung Health Study, bronchial hyperresponsiveness was present in approximately two-thirds of patients with non-severe COPD, and this predicted lung function decline independently of other ...
A blood test would indicate inflammation (as indicated by a raised white blood cell count and elevated C-reactive protein). Decreased breath sounds, crackles, wheezing, and rhonchi that clears with coughs may be heard in the chest. Dullness to percussion and pleural rub suggest disease extension beyond the bronchi such as seen with pneumonia.
The treatment of acute respiratory failure may involve medication such as bronchodilators (for airways disease), [7] [8] antibiotics (for infections), glucocorticoids (for numerous causes), diuretics (for pulmonary oedema), amongst others. [1] [9] [10] Respiratory failure resulting from an overdose of opioids may be treated with the antidote ...
A complete blood count may show an elevated white count and a serum C-reactive protein may be elevated. Acute pericarditis is associated with a modest increase in serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB). [ 5 ] and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), [ 6 ] [ 7 ] both of which are also markers for injury to the muscular layer of the heart.
In those with underlying heart or lung disease, effective control of congestive and respiratory symptoms can help prevent pulmonary edema. [37] Dexamethasone is in widespread use for the prevention of high altitude pulmonary edema. Sildenafil is used as a preventive treatment for altitude-induced pulmonary edema and pulmonary hypertension.