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Christianity began as a movement within Second Temple Judaism, but the two religions gradually diverged over the first few centuries of the Christian era.Today, differences of opinion vary between denominations in both religions, but the most important distinction is Christian acceptance and Jewish non-acceptance of Jesus as the Messiah prophesied in the Hebrew Bible and Jewish tradition.
The term Judæo Christian first appeared in the 19th century as a word for Jewish converts to Christianity. The term has received criticism, largely from Jewish thinkers, as relying on and perpetuating notions of supersessionism, as well as glossing over fundamental differences between Jewish and Christian thought, theology, culture and practice.
The Bible as used by Christianity consists of two parts: The Old Testament, largely the same as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible. The New Testament. The four canonical Gospels. (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) The Acts of the Apostles recounts the early history of the Christian movement. The Epistles are letters to the various early Christian communities.
According to historian Shaye J. D. Cohen, "the separation of Christianity from Judaism was a process, not an event", in which the church became "more and more gentile, and less and less Jewish". [138] [note 14] According to Cohen, early Christianity ceased to be a Jewish sect when it ceased to observe Jewish practices, such as circumcision. [25]
A biblical canon is a set of texts (also called "books") which a particular Jewish or Christian religious community regards as part of the Bible.. The English word canon comes from the Greek κανών kanōn, meaning 'rule' or 'measuring stick'.
Most historians agree that Jesus or his followers established a new Jewish sect, one that attracted both Jewish and gentile converts. According to New Testament scholar Bart D. Ehrman, a number of early Christianities existed in the first century CE, from which developed various Christian traditions and denominations, including proto-orthodoxy. [13]
The Septuagint was influential on early Christianity as it was the Hellenistic Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible primarily used by the 1st-century Christian authors. [ 90 ] Adrian Hastings contended that the model of ancient Israel presented in the Hebrew Bible established the original concept of nationhood, which subsequently influenced ...
In addition to transliterating proper names, it translates them in-line with the text. The result is a reading similar to the Amplified Bible. [16] [17] Orthodox Jewish Bible. "The Orthodox Jewish Bible (OJB), completed by Phillip Goble in 2002, is an English language version that applies Yiddish and Hasidic cultural expressions to the ...