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  2. Complementary event - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementary_event

    In probability theory, the complement of any event A is the event [not A], i.e. the event that A does not occur. [1] The event A and its complement [not A] are mutually exclusive and exhaustive. Generally, there is only one event B such that A and B are both mutually exclusive and exhaustive; that event is the complement of A.

  3. Complement (set theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_(set_theory)

    If A is a set, then the absolute complement of A (or simply the complement of A) is the set of elements not in A (within a larger set that is implicitly defined). In other words, let U be a set that contains all the elements under study; if there is no need to mention U, either because it has been previously specified, or it is obvious and unique, then the absolute complement of A is the ...

  4. Probability axioms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_axioms

    This is called the addition law of probability, or the sum rule. That is, the probability that an event in A or B will happen is the sum of the probability of an event in A and the probability of an event in B , minus the probability of an event that is in both A and B .

  5. Bayes' theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes'_theorem

    In genetics, Bayes' rule can be used to estimate the probability that someone has a specific genotype. Many people seek to assess their chances of being affected by a genetic disease or their likelihood of being a carrier for a recessive gene of interest.

  6. Algebra of sets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra_of_sets

    The algebra of sets is the set-theoretic analogue of the algebra of numbers. Just as arithmetic addition and multiplication are associative and commutative, so are set union and intersection; just as the arithmetic relation "less than or equal" is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive, so is the set relation of "subset".

  7. Method of complements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_complements

    The nines' complement of a decimal digit is the number that must be added to it to produce 9; the nines' complement of 3 is 6, the nines' complement of 7 is 2, and so on, see table. To form the nines' complement of a larger number, each digit is replaced by its nines' complement.

  8. Fuzzy set operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_set_operations

    c is a strong negator (aka fuzzy complement). A function c satisfying axioms c1 and c3 has at least one fixpoint a * with c(a *) = a *, and if axiom c2 is fulfilled as well there is exactly one such fixpoint. For the standard negator c(x) = 1-x the unique fixpoint is a * = 0.5 . [2]

  9. Negation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negation

    In logic, negation, also called the logical not or logical complement, is an operation that takes a proposition to another proposition "not ", written , , ′ [1] or ¯. [ citation needed ] It is interpreted intuitively as being true when P {\displaystyle P} is false, and false when P {\displaystyle P} is true.