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People with heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), are educated to undertake various non-pharmacological measures to improve symptoms and prognosis. Such measures include: [2] Moderate physical activity, when symptoms are mild or moderate; or bed rest when symptoms are severe. In individuals with heart failure, increasing ...
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
Congestive heart failure is a pathophysiological condition in which the heart's output is insufficient to meet the needs of the body and lungs. [10] The term "congestive heart failure" is often used because one of the most common symptoms is congestion or fluid accumulation in the tissues and veins of the lungs or other parts of a person's body ...
It is also the only treatment available for end-stage heart failure. [46] However, transplantation must occur before the onset of symptoms such as pulmonary vessel hypertension, kidney malfunction, and thromboembolism in order for it to be successful. Studies have indicated a seven-year survival rate of 94% in people with HCM after transplantation.
If untreated, severe symptomatic aortic stenosis carries a poor prognosis, with a 2-year mortality rate of 50-60% and a 3-year survival rate of less than 30%. [63] Prognosis after aortic valve replacement for people younger than 65 is about five years less than that of the general population; for people older than 65 it is about the same. [57]
However, with proper treatment, including cessation of alcohol consumption and management of heart failure symptoms, the prognosis can improve significantly. [10] Research has shown that the mortality rate for people with ACM is higher than that of the general population, with a five-year survival rate of around 50%. [10]
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