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First Nations by linguistic-cultural area: List of First Nations peoples. First Nations peoples had settled and established trade routes across what is now Canada by 500 BCE – 1,000 CE. Communities developed, each with its own culture, customs, and character. [25]
The largest First Nations group near the St. Lawrence waterway are the Iroquois. This area also includes the Wyandot (formerly referred to as the Huron) peoples of central Ontario, and the League of Five Nations who had lived in the United States, south of Lake Ontario. Major ethnicities include the: Anishinaabe. Algonquin; Nipissing
More than half of First Nations people (55. 5%) lived in Western Canada as of 2021. Ontario had the highest number of First Nations people, with 251,030 (about 23.9%) of the total First Nations population. Approximately 11.1% of First Nations people lived in Quebec, with 7.6% in Atlantic Canada and 1.9% in the territories. [185]
"Indigenous peoples in Canada" is used as the collective name for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. [59] [60] The term Aboriginal peoples as a collective noun (also describing First Nations, Inuit, and Métis) is a specific term of art used in some legal documents, including the Constitution Act, 1982. [61]
First Nations usually refers to Indigenous peoples, for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area. In particular the term is commonly used for the First Nations in Canada and Indigenous Australians , or "Australian First Nations".
The Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota peoples, in addition to some other Siouan-speaking people like the Omaha and Ponca, are patriarchal or patrilineal and have historically had highly defined gender roles. [41] [42] In such tribes, hereditary leadership would pass through the male line, while children are considered to belong to the father and his clan.
Joseph Brant, a Mohawk, depicted in a portrait by Charles Bird King, circa 1835 Three Lenape people, depicted in a painting by George Catlin in the 1860s. Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands include Native American tribes and First Nation bands residing in or originating from a cultural area encompassing the northeastern and Midwest United States and southeastern Canada. [1]
At the time of first European contact, estimates of the Aboriginal population range from 300,000 to one million. [8] [9] [10] They were complex hunter-gatherers with diverse economies and societies. There were about 600 tribes or nations and 250 languages with various dialects.