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  2. Free variables and bound variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_variables_and_bound...

    Note: we define a location in an expression as a leaf node in the syntax tree. Variable binding occurs when that location is below the node n. In the lambda calculus, x is a bound variable in the term M = λx. T and a free variable in the term T. We say x is bound in M and free in T. If T contains a subterm λx. U then x is rebound in this term.

  3. Basic solution (linear programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_solution_(Linear...

    In linear programming, a discipline within applied mathematics, a basic solution is any solution of a linear programming problem satisfying certain specified technical conditions. For a polyhedron P {\displaystyle P} and a vector x ∗ ∈ R n {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} ^{*}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}} , x ∗ {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} ^{*}} is a ...

  4. Basic feasible solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_feasible_solution

    In the theory of linear programming, a basic feasible solution (BFS) is a solution with a minimal set of non-zero variables. Geometrically, each BFS corresponds to a vertex of the polyhedron of feasible solutions.

  5. Simplex algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplex_algorithm

    The variables corresponding to the columns of the identity matrix are called basic variables while the remaining variables are called nonbasic or free variables. If the values of the nonbasic variables are set to 0, then the values of the basic variables are easily obtained as entries in b {\displaystyle \mathbf {b} } and this solution is a ...

  6. System of linear equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_linear_equations

    Each free variable gives the solution space one degree of freedom, the number of which is equal to the dimension of the solution set. For example, the solution set for the above equation is a line, since a point in the solution set can be chosen by specifying the value of the parameter z. An infinite solution of higher order may describe a ...

  7. Underdetermined system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdetermined_system

    If, on the other hand, the ranks of these two matrices are equal, the system must have at least one solution; since in an underdetermined system this rank is necessarily less than the number of unknowns, there are indeed an infinitude of solutions, with the general solution having k free parameters where k is the difference between the number ...

  8. First-order logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic

    The substitution rule states that for any φ and any term t, one can conclude φ[t/x] from φ provided that no free variable of t becomes bound during the substitution process. (If some free variable of t becomes bound, then to substitute t for x it is first necessary to change the bound variables of φ to differ from the free variables of t.)

  9. Quantifier (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifier_(logic)

    Bound and free variable occurrences are colored in red and green, respectively. An interpretation for first-order predicate calculus assumes as given a domain of individuals X. A formula A whose free variables are x 1, ..., x n is interpreted as a Boolean-valued function F(v 1, ..., v n) of n arguments, where each argument ranges over the domain X.