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  2. Negative utilitarianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_utilitarianism

    Lexical threshold" negative utilitarianism says that there is some disutility, for instance some extreme suffering, such that no positive utility can counterbalance it. [22] 'Consent-based' negative utilitarianism is a specification of lexical threshold negative utilitarianism, which specifies where the threshold should be located.

  3. Utilitarianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism

    Punishment might make "bad people" into "better" ones. For the utilitarian, all that "bad person" can mean is "person who's likely to cause unwanted things (like suffering)". So, utilitarianism could recommend punishment that changes someone such that they are less likely to cause bad things. Successful rehabilitation would reduce recidivism. [155]

  4. Rule utilitarianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_utilitarianism

    Rule utilitarianism is a form of utilitarianism that says an action is right as it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good, or that "the rightness or wrongness of a particular action is a function of the correctness of the rule of which it is an instance". [1]

  5. Demandingness objection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demandingness_objection

    The demandingness objection is a common [1] [2] argument raised against utilitarianism and other consequentialist ethical theories. The consequentialist requirement that we maximize the good impartially seems to this objection to require us to perform acts that we would normally consider optional.

  6. Act utilitarianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_utilitarianism

    Act utilitarianism is a utilitarian theory of ethics that states that a person's act is morally right if and only if it produces the best possible results in that specific situation. Classical utilitarians, including Jeremy Bentham , John Stuart Mill , and Henry Sidgwick , define happiness as pleasure and the absence of pain.

  7. Consequentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequentialism

    However, negative utilitarianism lays out a consequentialist theory that focuses solely on minimizing bad consequences. One major difference between these two approaches is the agent's responsibility. Positive consequentialism demands that we bring about good states of affairs, whereas negative consequentialism requires that we avoid bad ones ...

  8. Dying To Be Free - The Huffington Post

    projects.huffingtonpost.com/dying-to-be-free...

    Like methadone, Suboxone blocks both the effects of heroin withdrawal and an addict’s craving and, if used properly, does it without causing intoxication. Unlike methadone, it can be prescribed by a certified family physician and taken at home, meaning a recovering addict can lead a normal life, without a daily early-morning commute to a clinic.

  9. Utilitarian rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarian_rule

    In social choice and operations research, the utilitarian rule (also called the max-sum rule) is a rule saying that, among all possible alternatives, society should pick the alternative which maximizes the sum of the utilities of all individuals in society.