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The term "robot" was first used in a play published by the Czech Karel Čapek in 1920. R.U.R. ( Rossum's Universal Robots ) was a satire, robots were manufactured biological beings that performed all unpleasant manual labor. [ 50 ]
The term comes from a Slavic root, robot-, with meanings associated with labor. The word "robot" was first used to denote a fictional humanoid in a 1920 Czech-language play R.U.R. (Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti – Rossum's Universal Robots) by Karel Čapek, though it was Karel's brother Josef Čapek who was the word's true inventor.
On the right is a test rover for the Mars Science Laboratory, which landed Curiosity on Mars in 2012. Robotics is the interdisciplinary study and practice of the design, construction, operation, and use of robots. [1] Within mechanical engineering, robotics is the design and construction of the physical structures of robots, while in computer ...
Isaac Asimov (/ ˈ æ z ɪ m ɒ v / AZ-ih-mov; [b] c. January 2, 1920 [a] – April 6, 1992) was an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University.During his lifetime, Asimov was considered one of the "Big Three" science fiction writers, along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke. [2]
The term "AI winter" was coined by researchers who had survived the funding cuts of 1974 when they became concerned that enthusiasm for expert systems had spiraled out of control and that disappointment would certainly follow. [ae] Their fears were well founded: in the late 1980s and early 1990s, AI suffered a series of financial setbacks. [122]
Josef Čapek (brother) Helena Čapková (sister) Signature. Karel Čapek (Czech: [ˈkarɛl ˈtʃapɛk] ⓘ; 9 January 1890 – 25 December 1938) was a Czech writer, playwright, critic and journalist. He has become best known for his science fiction, including his novel War with the Newts (1936) and play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots, 1920 ...
The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. [1] In contrast to biorobots and androids, the term cyborg applies to a living organism that has restored function or enhanced abilities due to the integration of some artificial component or technology that relies on feedback.
John McCarthy (September 4, 1927 – October 24, 2011) was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. He was one of the founders of the discipline of artificial intelligence. [ 1 ] He co-authored the document that coined the term " artificial intelligence " (AI), developed the programming language family Lisp, significantly ...