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  2. Stoicism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicism

    Stoicism. A bust of Zeno of Citium, considered the founder of Stoicism. Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy that flourished in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. [1] The Stoics believed that the practice of virtue is enough to achieve eudaimonia: a well-lived life. The Stoics identified the path to achieving it with a life spent ...

  3. Zeno of Citium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_of_Citium

    Zeno of Citium (/ ˈziːnoʊ /; Koinē Greek: Ζήνων ὁ Κιτιεύς, Zēnōn ho Kitieus; c. 334 – c. 262 BC) was a Hellenistic philosopher from Citium (Κίτιον, Kition), Cyprus. [ 3 ] He was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which he taught in Athens from about 300 BC. Based on the moral ideas of the Cynics, Stoicism ...

  4. Seneca the Younger - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger

    Problem of evil. Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger (/ ˈsɛnɪkə / SEN-ik-ə; c. 4 BC – AD 65), [1] usually known mononymously as Seneca, was a Stoic philosopher of Ancient Rome, a statesman, dramatist, and in one work, satirist, from the post-Augustan age of Latin literature. Seneca was born in Colonia Patricia Corduba in Hispania, and was ...

  5. Chrysippus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysippus

    Chrysippus. Chrysippus of Soli (/ kraɪˈsɪpəs, krɪ -/; [1] Greek: Χρύσιππος ὁ Σολεύς, Chrysippos ho Soleus; c. 279 – c. 206 BC[a]) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Soli, Cilicia, but moved to Athens as a young man, where he became a pupil of the Stoic philosopher Cleanthes. When Cleanthes died, around 230 ...

  6. Epictetus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epictetus

    Epictetus (/ ˌ ɛ p ɪ k ˈ t iː t ə s /, EH-pick-TEE-təss; [3] Greek: Ἐπίκτητος, Epíktētos; c. 50 – c. 135 AD) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. [4] [5] He was born into slavery at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present-day Pamukkale, in western Turkey) and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece, where he spent the rest of his life.

  7. Stoic passions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoic_Passions

    A passion is a disturbing and misleading force in the mind which occurs because of a failure to reason correctly. [2] For the Stoic Chrysippus the passions are evaluative judgements. [4] A person experiencing such an emotion has incorrectly valued an indifferent thing. [5] A fault of judgement, some false notion of good or evil, lies at the ...

  8. Aristo of Chios - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristo_of_Chios

    Aristo of Chios (Greek: Ἀρίστων ὁ Χῖος Ariston ho Chios; fl. c. 260 BC), also spelled Ariston, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and colleague of Zeno of Citium. [1] He outlined a system of Stoic philosophy that was, in many ways, closer to earlier Cynic philosophy. He rejected the logical and physical sides of philosophy endorsed by ...

  9. Euphrates the Stoic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrates_the_Stoic

    According to Philostratus, [1] Euphrates was a native of Tyre, and according to Stephanus of Byzantium, [2] of Epiphania in Syria; whereas Eunapius calls him an Egyptian.. At the time when Pliny the Younger served in Syria (c. 81 AD), he became acquainted with Euphrates, and seems to have formed an intimate friendship with him.