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History of atomic theory. The current theoretical model of the atom involves a dense nucleus surrounded by a probabilistic "cloud" of electrons. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.
1924 Satyendra Bose and Albert Einstein introduce Bose–Einstein statistics. 1925 George Uhlenbeck and Samuel Goudsmit postulate electron spin. 1925 Pierre Auger discovers the Auger process (2 years after Lise Meitner) 1925 Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan formulate quantum matrix mechanics.
1947. Kaon (or K meson), the first strange particle, discovered by George Dixon Rochester and Clifford Charles Butler [ 17 ] 1950. Λ0 (or lambda baryon) discovered during a study of cosmic-ray interactions [ 18 ] 1955. Antiproton discovered by Owen Chamberlain, Emilio Segrè, Clyde Wiegand, and Thomas Ypsilantis [ 19 ] 1956.
The history of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics. The major chapters of this history begin with the emergence of quantum ideas to explain individual phenomena—blackbody radiation, the photoelectric effect, solar emission spectra—an era called the Old or Older quantum theories. [1]
The Bohr–Sommerfeld model (also known as the Sommerfeld model or Bohr–Sommerfeld theory) was an extension of the Bohr model to allow elliptical orbits of electrons around an atomic nucleus. Bohr–Sommerfeld theory is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr and German physicist Arnold Sommerfeld. Sommerfeld argued that if electronic orbits ...
Niels Henrik David Bohr (Danish: [ˈne̝ls ˈpoɐ̯ˀ]; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research.
Nagaoka Nobuko (granddaughter) Scientific career. Fields. Physics. Notable students. Kotaro Honda, Hideki Yukawa. Relief of Nagaoka in Science Museum in Tokyo. Hantaro Nagaoka (長岡 半太郎, Nagaoka Hantarō, August 19, 1865 – December 11, 1950) was a Japanese physicist and a pioneer of Japanese physics during the Meiji period.
1850–51 – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin & Rudolf Clausius: Second law of thermodynamics. 1857 – Rudolf Clausius: Introduced translational, rotational, and vibrational molecular motions. 1857 – Rudolf Clausius: Introduced the concept of mean free path. 1860 – James Clerk Maxwell: Introduced statistical mechanics with the Maxwell ...