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The abiogenic petroleum origin hypothesis proposes that most of earth's petroleum and natural gas deposits were formed inorganically, commonly known as abiotic oil. [1] Scientific evidence overwhelmingly supports a biogenic origin for most of the world's petroleum deposits. [2][3] Mainstream theories about the formation of hydrocarbons on earth ...
Nikolai Kudryavtsev. Nikolai Alexandrovich Kudryavtsev (Russian: Николай Александрович Кудрявцев; Opochka, October 21, 1893 – Leningrad, December 12, 1971) was a Soviet Russian petroleum geologist. He is the founding father of modern abiogenic theory for origin of petroleum, which states that some petroleum is ...
The Hubbert peak theory says that for any given geographical area, from an individual oil-producing region to the planet as a whole, the rate of petroleum production tends to follow a bell-shaped curve. It is one of the primary theories on peak oil. Choosing a particular curve determines a point of maximum production based on discovery rates ...
An oil refinery in Ahmadi Governorate in Kuwait. Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrogencarbons, [1] and is found in geological formations. The name petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that consist of ...
The National Water Quality Inventory Report to Congress is a general report on water quality, providing overall information about the number of miles of streams and rivers and their aggregate condition. [65] The CWA requires states to adopt standards for each of the possible designated uses that they assign to their waters.
Stephan Riess. Stephan Ernst Riess (26 December 1898 – 17 December 1985) was a German geochemist, mineralogist, geo-hydrologist and dowser [1] who immigrated to the US after World War I. He worked for over five decades, located over 800 water wells, and studied the concept of earth-generated water, also known as "new water" or "primary water".
Bitumen (UK: / ˈbɪtʃʊmɪn / BIH-chuum-in, US: / bɪˈtjuːmɪn, baɪ -/ bih-TEW-min, by-) [1] is an immensely viscous constituent of petroleum. Depending on its exact composition it can be a sticky, black liquid or an apparently solid mass that behaves as a liquid over very large time scales.
Vitalism is a belief that starts from the premise that "living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things." [1][a] Where vitalism explicitly invokes a vital principle, that element is often referred to as the ...